1. Multiple Choice Questions.
Question 1.
Based on the information given
below classify each of the situations as ‘suffering from water scarcity or
‘not suffering from water scarcity.
(a)
Region with high annual rainfall.
(b) Region
having high annual rainfall and large population.
(c) Region having high annual rainfall but water is highly polluted.
(d) Region having low rainfall and low population.
Answer:
a, b are situations not suffering
from water scarcity, c, d are situations, suffering from water scarcity.
Question 2.
Which one of the following
statements is not an argument in favour of multi-purpose river projects?
(a) Multi-purpose projects bring water to those areas which suffer from
water scarcity.
(b) Multi-purpose projects
by regulating water flow helps to control floods.
(c) Multi-purpose projects lead to large scale displacements and loss of
livelihood.
(d) Multi-purpose projects
generate electricity for our industries and our homes.
Answer:
(c) Multi-purpose projects lead to
large scale displacements and loss of livelihood.
Question 3.
Here are some false statements.
Identify the mistakes and rewrite them correctly.
(a) Multiplying urban centres with large and dense populations and urban
lifestyles have helped in proper utilization of water resources.
Answer:
Multiplying urban centres with
large and dense populations and urban lifestyles have helped in proper
utilisation of water resources. The mistake is that urban lifestyles have
helped: The sentence should read: the urban lifestyles have not helped in
proper utilisation of water resources.
(b) Regulating and damming of rivers does not affect the river’s natural flow
and its sediment flow.
Answer:
Regulating and damming of rivers (does not is the mistake and the correct
words should be) affects the natural flow and its poor sediment flow.
(c) In Gujarat, the Sabarmati basin farmers were not agitated when higher
priority was given to water supply in urban areas, particularly during
droughts.
Answer:
In Gujarat, the Sabarmati basin farmers (were not agitated is the mistake,
the correct sentence should be) were agitated when higher priority was given
to water supply in urban areas, particularly during droughts.
(d) Today in Rajasthan, the practice of rooftop rainwater water harvesting has
gained popularity despite high waste availability due to Rajasthan Canal.
Answer:
Today in Rajasthan, the practice
of roof-top rainwater water-harvesting (has gained popularity is the mistake
and the correct answer should be) is on the decline because there is high
water availability due to Rajasthan canal.
2. Answer the following questions in about 30 words.
Question 1.
Explain how water becomes a
renewable resource?
Answer:
With freshwater from surface runoff and groundwater being renewed and
recharged, through the hydrological cycle, water continues to be renewed.
Question 2.
What is water scarcity and what
are its main causes?
Answer:
Water scarcity means non-availability or less availability of water. It is
caused by exces¬sive use of water, over-population, and greater demand of
water.
Question 3.
Compare the advantages and
disadvantages of multipurpose river projects?
Answer:
Multi-purpose river projects have
their merits and demerits. Nehru would call them us temples of modem India.
They have led nation to development and progress, industrialisation. They have
also led to poor sediment flow and excessive sendimentation at the bottom of
the reservoir, leading to soil decomposition. Numerous social movements have
been directed and launched to these problems.
3. Answer the following questions in about 120 words.
Question 1.
Discuss how rainwater harvesting
in semi-arid regions of Rajasthan is carried out?
Answer:
Rainwater harvesting in semi-arid
and arid regions of Rajasthan is carried out through underground tanks for
storing drinking water. These tanks are made part of the well-developed
rooftop rainwater harvesting system which are built inside the main house of
the courtyard.
They are connected to the sloping roofs of the houses and through a pipe. Rain falling in the rooftops travel down the pipe and is stored in these underground tankers. The first spell of rain is usually not collected as this would clean the roof and the pipe. The rainwater from the subsequent showers is than collected for the purpose.
Question 2.
Describe how modem adaptations
of traditional rainwater harvesting methods are being carried out to converse
and store water.
Answer:
Dams help us conserve, store and manage water. They were traditionally built
to im¬pound rivers and rainwater that could be used later to irrigate
agricultural fields. Thirdly, they are not just built for irrigation, but they
are there for generating electricity water, supply for domestic and industrial
use, flood control, recreation, inland navigation and they are now for
multipurpose objects. These replace the traditional adaptations of methods
conserving and managing water.